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Zohn Ahl
Zohn Ahl ("creek" "wood") is a roll-and-move board game played by the Kiowa Indians of North America. It is often〔Culin 1898, pp 685–88. Bell 1960, pp 4–5. Parlett 1999, pp 38–40.〕 cited as a typical representative of many similar Native American games. It is often equated (or possibly confounded) with Tsoñä ("awl game"), also played by the Kiowa.〔Bell 1960, pp 4–5. Parlett 1999, pp 38–40. Stewart Culin (1898, pp 687–88 and 731–33) (1907, pp 124–27) presents the 2 accounts of Zohn Ahl and Tsoñä together. The description of Zohn Ahl fails to distinguish the throws of the special 4th stick die; and the description of Tsoñä fails to mention how counters are won or lost; but both descriptions include ''both'' the special stick die and counters. Therefore, very possibly these texts refer to the same game, which can be reconstructed only by consulting both to fill in their respective holes. This is the perspective taken here. Note, however, that Murray (1951, pp 154–55) considers them distinct variants. Except where otherwise noted, this article summarizes Culin's full composite treatment (Culin 1907, pp 124–130).〕
==Terminology==
Note that the two names create an interesting but coincidental sonic overlap: ''Zohn'' = "creek," a feature of the board; and ''Ahl'' = "wood," the term for the dice. Whereas ''Tsoñä'' means the "awl game," referring to the 2 awls used as playing pieces. But "ahl" and "awl" have no relation to each other, one being a Kiowa word, the other English, and signifying different objects. So while the game may be referred to as "Zohn Ahl" or "the Awl Game" or even "the ''Ahl'' Game" (meaning "the stick dice game"), "Zohn Awl" would be incorrect.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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